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Merry company
Merry company is the term in art history for a painting, usually from the 17th century, showing a small group of people enjoying themselves, usually seated with drinks, and often music-making. These scenes are a very common type of genre painting of the Dutch Golden Age and Flemish Baroque; it is estimated that nearly two thirds of Dutch genre scenes show people drinking.〔Hagen, II, 395〕
The term is the usual translation of the Dutch ''geselschapje'',〔Slive, 123〕 or ''vrolijk gezelschap'', and is capitalized when used as a title for a work, and sometimes as a term for the type. The scenes may be set in the home, a garden, or a tavern, and the gatherings range from decorous groups in wealthy interiors to groups of drunk men with prostitutes. Gatherings that are relatively decorous and expensively dressed, with similar numbers of men and women, often standing, may be called ''Elegant Company'' or ''Gallant Company'', while those showing people who are clearly peasants are more likely to use that word in their title. Such subjects in painting are most common in Dutch art between about 1620 and 1670.
==Scope of the term==
The definition of a "merry company" is far from rigid, and overlaps with several other types of painting. Portraits of family groups or bodies such as militia companies may borrow an informal style of composition from them, but works where the figures were intended to represent specific individuals are excluded. There are normally between four and about a dozen figures shown, which typically includes both men and women, but may just consist of men, perhaps with female servants, as in the Buytewech illustrated. Contemporary Dutch descriptions of paintings from inventories, auction catalogues and the like, use (no doubt somewhat arbitrarily) other terms for similar compositions including "a ''buitenpartij'' (an outdoor party or picnic), a ''cortegaarddje'' (a barrack-room or guardroom scene), a ''borddeeltjen'' (a bordello scene), and a ''beeldeken'' or ''moderne beelden'' (a picture with little figures or modern figures)".〔Slive, 123〕 "Musical party" or "concert" is often used when some of the main figures are playing instruments. More generally such works may be referred to as "company paintings" or "company subjects" (but this is not to be confused with Indian Company painting, a style patronized by the British East India Company). Few if any titles used for 17th century genre paintings can be traced to the artist; those used by museums and art historians today may derive from a record in the provenance or be made up in modern times.
Paintings showing specific celebrations such as weddings or the festivities for Twelfth Night, the main mid-winter celebration in the Netherlands, or the playing of specific games, are likely to have titles relating to these where the subject is still clear. For example, a painting by Godfried Schalcken (1665–70, Royal Collection) is known from his biography by his pupil Arnold Houbraken to represent ''The game of 'Lady, Come into the Garden, and is so titled, although the rules of this are now unknown but "clearly involved the removal of clothes", at least by some male participants.〔Lloyd, 147; ("The game of 'Lady, Come into the Garden'" ), Royal Collection online〕 In ''La Main Chaud'' male participants just got smacked.〔(''Ladies and Gentlemen playing La Main Chaude'' ), National Gallery, London. The game is shown in other paintings, including two by Jan Miense Molenaer with peasants. In the variant described at Schama, 439, it is the "rump" that gets smacked.〕 Paintings showing the parable of the Prodigal Son in his prodigal phase are conceived as merry company scenes of the brothel type, though they are often larger, as was expected of a history painting.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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